6-141 And He it is Who produces gardens, trellised and untrellised, and palms and seed-produce of which the fruits are of various sorts, and olives and pomegranates like and unlike. Eat of its fruit when it bears fruit, and pay the due of it on the day of its reaping, and be not prodigal. Surely He loves not the prodigals;a
وَهُوَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنشَأَ جَنَّـٰتٍ۬ مَّعۡرُوشَـٰتٍ۬ وَغَيۡرَ مَعۡرُوشَـٰتٍ۬ وَٱلنَّخۡلَ وَٱلزَّرۡعَ مُخۡتَلِفًا أُڪُلُهُ ۥ وَٱلزَّيۡتُونَ وَٱلرُّمَّانَ مُتَشَـٰبِہً۬ا وَغَيۡرَ مُتَشَـٰبِهٍ۬ۚ ڪُلُواْ مِن ثَمَرِهِۦۤ إِذَآ أَثۡمَرَ وَءَاتُواْ حَقَّهُ ۥ يَوۡمَ حَصَادِهِۦۖ وَلَا تُسۡرِفُوٓاْۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ لَا يُحِبُّ ٱلۡمُسۡرِفِينَ (١٤١)
6-141a: مَّعۡرُوشَـٰتٍ۬ – عَرۡش is a structure that has a roof, and عَرَشۡةُ الکَرۡم is a phrase which means to make a trellis to train the vines, as in وَمِنَ ٱلشَّجَرِ وَمِمَّا يَعۡرِشُونَ (and in the trees and in what they build) (16:68). So, the meaning of مَّعۡرُوش is trellised (R). Further, by مَّعۡرُوشَـٰتٍ۬ is meant plants like vines that need support and غَيۡرَ مَعۡرُوشَـٰتٍ۬ are plants that can stand on their trunks) (IJ).
أُڪُلُ – اَکۡل is food, and اکل or اُکۡل is a thing that is eaten. But اُکل is also used in the sense of flavor or sustenance, and it also means fruit.
مُسۡرِفِ – سرف is exceeding all limits in an affair, particularly in spending money. Exceeding the limits is in two ways, by spending more than is needed and by spending other than in obedience with Allah even if the amount is small (R). Money that is spent on customs and traditions is considered as exceeding the limits because it is for a purpose outside the obedience of Allah.
Vegetation is mentioned first which is among the great blessings of Allah and it is stated that only God can have a right in it and none other, and that right is zakat. The polytheists appointed a share in the produce of their fields and animals for their idols. Self-consumption of the produce is mentioned first which is in accordance with the natural order.
6-142 And of the cattle (He has created) some for burden and some for slaughter. Eat of that which Allah has given you and follow not the footsteps of the devil. Surely he is your open enemy —a
وَمِنَ ٱلۡأَنۡعَـٰمِ حَمُولَةً۬ وَفَرۡشً۬اۚ ڪُلُواْ مِمَّا رَزَقَكُمُ ٱللَّهُ وَلَا تَتَّبِعُواْ خُطُوَٲتِ ٱلشَّيۡطَـٰنِۚ إِنَّهُ ۥ لَكُمۡ عَدُوٌّ۬ مُّبِينٌ۬ (١٤٢)
6-142a: حَمُولَةً۬ – It is derived from حمل which means to lift. Raghib has taken its meaning to be مایُحۡمَل that which one lifts oneself, that is a small load.
فَرۡشً۬ – The meaning of فَرۡشً۬ is to spread and the earth is called فراش because it is spread out in a way that makes it habitable. Another meaning of فَرۡشً۬ is مایُفرش and the purport of that is مایُرۡکَب or that on which one rides (R).
The polytheistic customs of the last verse are repudiated here, and it is stated that the creator of these animals is God and not their idols. They should be used for the purpose they are created. There is much disagreement in the meaning of حَمُولَةً۬ and فَرۡشً۬ . The meaning assigned by Raghib are preferred here because of the order in which these animals are mentioned in the next verse – first small and then large.
6-143 Eight in pairs — of the sheep two and of the goats two. Say: Has He forbidden the two males or the two females or that which the wombs of the two females contain? Inform me with knowledge, if you are truthful;a
ثَمَـٰنِيَةَ أَزۡوَٲجٍ۬ۖ مِّنَ ٱلضَّأۡنِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَمِنَ ٱلۡمَعۡزِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِۗ قُلۡ ءَآلذَّڪَرَيۡنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ أَمَّا ٱشۡتَمَلَتۡ عَلَيۡهِ أَرۡحَامُ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۖ نَبِّـُٔونِى بِعِلۡمٍ إِن ڪُنتُمۡ صَـٰدِقِينَ (١٤٣)
6-143a: زوج – In a male and female pair, each is called the زوج of the other. What is meant by eight أَزۡوَٲجٍ۬ is that there are two pairs of goats and two pairs of sheep and counting male and female separately there are eight animals as the division that is mentioned later shows.
ضان – It is the plural of ضائن (sheep), the male is called نرکَبش and the female نعجة .
معز – It is the plural of ماعز (goat), the male is called تیس and the female عتر .
What is stated is that Allah has not forbidden the male or female of these animals or what is born of them. The polytheists would sometimes declare the males as an offering to the idols and consider using them forbidden for work, and sometimes they would do the same with the females. As mentioned in the last verse, sometimes they would declare that which is in the womb as permissible to men and not to woman. For this reason, male and female are mentioned separately.
6-144 And of the camels two and of the cows two. Say: Has He forbidden the two males or the two females or that which the wombs of the two females contain? Or were you witnesses when Allah enjoined you this? Who is then more unjust than he who forges a lie against Allah to lead men astray without knowledge? Surely Allah guides not the iniquitous people.a
وَمِنَ ٱلۡإِبِلِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِ وَمِنَ ٱلۡبَقَرِ ٱثۡنَيۡنِۗ قُلۡ ءَآلذَّڪَرَيۡنِ حَرَّمَ أَمِ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِ أَمَّا ٱشۡتَمَلَتۡ عَلَيۡهِ أَرۡحَامُ ٱلۡأُنثَيَيۡنِۖ أَمۡ ڪُنتُمۡ شُہَدَآءَ إِذۡ وَصَّٮٰڪُمُ ٱللَّهُ بِهَـٰذَاۚ فَمَنۡ أَظۡلَمُ مِمَّنِ ٱفۡتَرَىٰ عَلَى ٱللَّهِ ڪَذِبً۬ا لِّيُضِلَّ ٱلنَّاسَ بِغَيۡرِ عِلۡمٍۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ لَا يَہۡدِى ٱلۡقَوۡمَ ٱلظَّـٰلِمِينَ (١٤٤)
6-144a: Two from إِبِلِ or the camel, that is the male جمل and the female ناقة .
Two from بَقَر or cow, that is the male ثور and the female بقرۃ whose plural is بَقَر .
All these customs were attributed by the polytheists to Allah and this was a complete fabrication.
Bayan-ul-Quran 